Monitoring for unauthorized personnel, connections, devices, and software is performed.

Current configurations of devices, data systems and networks are documented and a log is maintained of configuration changes.

Changes to configurations must be controlled and go through the change management procedure. Only authorized personnel are allowed to make changes to the configurations.

Configuration information may include e.g.:

• property owner and contact point information
• date of last configuration change
• configuration model version
• connections to other assets

The organization must be aware of the logs that accrue from the use of different data systems, whether generating the logs is the responsibility of the organization or the system provider. Logs record user actions as well as anomalies, errors, and security incidents.

The adequacy of log should be reviewed regularly. If necessary, log should be usable to determine the root causes for system incidents.

An appropriate log is generated from the use of the network to enable the detection of actions relevant to cyber security.

The normal state of network traffic (traffic volumes, protocols, and connections) is known. In order to detect anomalies, there is a procedure for detecting events that are different from the normal state of network traffic (for example, anomalous connections or their attempts).

Configurations should be monitored with comprehensive system management tools (e.g. maintenance utilities, remote support, enterprise management tools, backup and recovery software) and reviewed regularly to assess settings, password strengths, and operations performed. Actual configurations can be compared to defined target models. Any discrepancies must be dealt with either automatically or by manual processing.

Any unauthorized changes must be corrected and cause investigated and reported.